Precision gastroenterology represents a paradigm shift from generalized treatment strategies toward individualized, data-driven care. By integrating clinical phenotypes, genetic information, molecular biomarkers, microbiome profiles, and environmental factors, clinicians can better predict disease behavior and therapeutic response. Advances in multi-omics technologies, artificial intelligence, and digital health tools are enabling earlier diagnosis, personalized treatment selection, and improved disease monitoring. Precision approaches are increasingly applied in inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal cancers, liver disease, and functional GI disorders. Biomarker-guided therapy, treat-to-target strategies, and risk-based surveillance are becoming central to modern practice. This topic explores the role of emerging technologies in enabling precision medicine, the challenges of data integration and implementation, and the future direction of personalized gastrointestinal care.