Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that is characterized by sudden and severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. It can be life-threatening if not treated quickly and appropriately. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstones, although other causes include alcohol abuse, viral infections, certain medications and medications, and certain metabolic conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia. Other, less common causes include trauma, autoimmune conditions, and certain genetic mutations. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is usually made based on patient history, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and endoscopic examination. Common laboratory tests include amylase and lipase levels, which are typically elevated in acute pancreatitis. Imaging studies may include an abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Endoscopy is used to further evaluate the pancreas and may involve a pancreatic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Treatment of acute pancreatitis depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases can often be managed with supportive care such as pain medication, rehydration, and nutrition.