Diagnosis and Treatment of GERD

GERD is a chronic digestive disorder that is caused by a malfunction in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). It occurs when the LES is weakened or doesn’t close properly, allowing the stomach’s contents to flow back up into the esophagus. This can cause a variety of symptoms, such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. The diagnosis of GERD is made after a thorough evaluation by a doctor. This includes a physical examination and medical history, as well as any tests that may be needed to rule out other conditions. Tests may include an upper endoscopy, in which a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to examine the esophagus and stomach for damage; barium X-rays; and pH monitoring, which measures the acidity in the esophagus. Treatment for GERD typically involves lifestyle changes, such as avoiding foods that trigger heartburn, eating smaller meals, and avoiding lying down after eating. Medication may also be prescribed to help reduce acid production in the stomach or to help keep the LES closed. In more severe cases, surgery may be recommended.