Duodenum

The duodenum is the first and shortest part of the small intestine, located just after the stomach. It is about 10 to 12 inches long, and is a crucial part of the digestive system as it helps break down the food we eat and absorb the essential nutrients. The duodenum is located between the stomach and the jejunum, and is divided into four sections: the first, second, third, and fourth parts. The duodenum is responsible for receiving the digested chyme from the stomach and further breaking it down with the help of enzymes and bile. Enzymes secreted by the pancreas, called pancreatic juice, and bile released by the gallbladder, enter the duodenum to continue digestion. The duodenum also absorbs nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, into the bloodstream. The walls of the duodenum are lined with villi, small, finger-like projections that help the absorption of nutrients. The walls of the duodenum are also home to a special type of cell called enteroendocrine cells, which produce hormones that help regulate the body’s metabolism.