Gut microbes, also known as microbiota, are the microorganisms that live in the human gastrointestinal tract. They play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and health, as they produce vitamins, digest food, and modulate the immune system. In recent years, the role of gut microbes in disease treatment has been increasingly studied and explored. Recent research has demonstrated that gut microbiota is important for the development, progression and treatment of many diseases. In particular, gut microbes can influence the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis. They can also modulate the response to cancer treatments and may even be used to diagnose certain diseases. Gut microbiota can also be used to treat and prevent disease. For example, probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can be used to restore a healthy balance of gut microbiota and reduce inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) are also being used to treat infections and inflammatory diseases. FMT involves transferring a donor's healthy microbiota to a patient to restore a healthy gut environment. In addition, diet is emerging as an important factor in disease treatment, as it influences the composition of the gut microbiota.